EFL Teacher Education in Iran: Does It Promote Trainees’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge?

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of TEFL and English Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Payame Noor University of Tehran

Abstract

Teacher education programs can play a principal role in helping prospective teachers to acquire requisite knowledge and skills. Vital to the issue of teacher education is the efficient evaluation of such programs in promoting prospective teachers’ knowledge base. However, the literature contains very few reports of the evaluation of the Iranian EFL preservice teacher education program, which is a gap to be addressed by this study. To this end, 346 high school EFL teachers, 20 EFL teacher educators, and 97 teacher trainees took part in the study. A questionnaire, semistructured interviews, tests, and an observation checklist were utilized. A mixed methods design was employed to evaluate the program. The results of the questionnaire, tests, and observation checklist were analyzed quantitatively. For the interview results, both quantitative (percentages) and qualitative analyses were deployed. Findings indicated that the program was not satisfactory in enhancing the EFL teacher trainees’ pedagogical content knowledge.

Keywords


Akbari, R., & Dadvand, B. (2014). Pedagogical knowledge base: A conceptual framework for teacher admission. System, 42, 12-22.
Borg, S. (2009). English language teachers’ conceptions of research. Applied Linguistics, 30, 355-88.
Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles. An interactive approach to language. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.
Butler, Y. G. (2004). What level of proficiency do elementary school teachers need to attain to teach EFL? Case studies from Korean, Taiwan, and Japan. TESOL Quarterly, 38(2), 245-278.
Cochran-Smith, M. (2005). The politics of teacher education and the curse of complexity. Journal of Teacher Education, 56, 181-185.
Cosgun-Ogeyik, M. (2009). Evaluation of English language teaching education curriculum by student teachers. Insan ve Toplu, 9(1), 42-57.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Darling-Hammond, L., Holtzman, D. J., Gatlin, S. J., & Heilig, J. V. (2005). Does teacher preparation matter? Evidence about teacher certification, teach for America, and teacher’ effectiveness. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(42), 1-51.
Dashtestani, R. (2014). EFL teachers’ knowledge of the use and development of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) materials. Teaching English With Technology, 14(2), 3-26.
Farhady, H., Sajadi, F. H., & Hedayati, H. (2010). Reflections on foreign language education in Iran. TESL-EL, 13(4), 1-18.
Farrell, T. S. C. (2006). The first year of language teaching: Imposing order. System, 34(2), 211-221.
Guntermann, G. (Ed.). (1993). Developing language teachers for a changing world. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.
Hashemian, M., & Azadi, G.A. (2010). In-service teacher development programs and EFL teaching practice in high schools. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 69-82.
Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238-247.
Hellekjar, G. O. (2009). Academic English reading proficiency at the university level: A Norwegian case study. Reading in a Foreign Language, 21(2), 198-222.
Jourdenais, R. (2009). Language teacher education. In M. H. Long & C. J. Doughty (Eds.), The handbook of language teaching (pp. 647-658). Oxford: Blackwell.
Kamhi-Stein, L. D. (2009). Teacher preparation and nonnative English-speaking educators. In A. Burns & J. C. Richards (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to second language teacher education (pp. 91-101). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kiany, G. R., Mahdavi, B., & Ghafar Samar, R. (2011). Towards a harmonized foreign language education program in Iran: National policies and English achievement. Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal (LICEJ), 2(3), 462-269.
Kiely, R., & Rea-Dickins, P. (2005). Program evaluation in language education. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Kirkpatrick, D. L., & Kirkpatrick, J.D. (2006). Evaluating training programs: The four levels (3rd ed.).  San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(2), 193-212.
Kumaravadivelu, B. (2001). Toward a postmethod pedagogy. TESOL Quarterly, 35(4), 537-560.
Lewis, W. D., & Young, T. V. (2013). The politics of accountability: Teacher education policy. Educational Policy, 27(2), 190-216.
 Martin, N. K., & Sass, D.A. (2010). Construct validation of the behavior and instructional management scale. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(5), 1124–1135.
Mertler, C. (2009). Teachers’ assessment knowledge and their perceptions of the impact of classroom assessment professional development. Improving Schools, 12(2), 101-113.
Mirhassani, S. A., & Beh-Afrin, S. R. (2004). EFL teacher education evaluation: Assessment of needs, pedagogical constraints and objective setting in EFL teacher education programs (TEPs). Roshd FLT Quarterly, 69(18), 45-57.
Munoz, A. P., Palacio, M., & Escobar, L. (2012). Teachers' beliefs about assessment in an EFL context in Colombia. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 14(1), 143-158.
Nassaji, H. (2012). The relationship between SLA research and language              pedagogy: Teachers’ perspectives. Language Teaching Research, 16, 337-365.
Newfields, T. (2006). Teacher development and assessment literacy. Authentic Communication. Proceedings of the 5th Annual JALT Pan-SIG Conference, Shizuoka, Japan: Tokai University College of Marine Science.
Ogilvie, G., & Dunn, W. (2010). Taking teacher education to task: Exploring the role of teacher education in promoting the utilization of task-based language teaching. Language Teaching Research, 14(2), 161-181.
Peacock, M. (2009). The evaluation of foreign-language-teacher education programs. Language Teaching Research, 13(3), 259-278.
Preliminary English Test 5 (2010). Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
Riazi, A. M., & Razavipour, K. (2011). Agency of EFL teachers under the negative backwash effect of centralized tests. International Journal of Language Studies, 5(2), 123-142.
Richards, J. C. (2008). Second language teacher education today. RELC, 39(2), 158-176.
Robinson, B. (2003). Evaluation, research, and quality. In B. Robinson, B., & C. Latchem (Eds.), Teacher education through open and distance learning (pp. 193-211). London: Routledge/Farmer.
Ross, S. J. (2009). Program evaluation. In M. H. Long & C. J. Doughty (Eds.), The handbook of language teaching (pp. 756-778). Cambridge: Wiley-Blackwell.
Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1-22.
Sikka, A., Nath, J. L., & Cohen, M. D. (2007). Practicing teachers’ beliefs and uses of assessment. International Journal of Case Method Research & Application, 3, 240-253.
Soares, D. (2007). Discipline problems in the EFL class: Is there a cure? PROFILE Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 8(1), 41-58.
Soleimani, H., & Rahmanian, M. (2014). Self-, peer-, and teacher-assessments in writing improvement: A study of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics (RALS), 5(2), 128-148.
Son, J-B., Robb, T., & Charismiadji, I. (2011). Computer literacy and competency: A survey of Indonesian teachers of English as a foreign language. CALL-EJ, 12(1), 26-42.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Tercanlioglu, L. (2008). A qualitative investigation of preservice English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher opinions. The Qualitative Report, 13(1), 137-150.
Wang, L. (2010). An investigation of the current state of college teachers' teaching quality and teacher development. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 12(1), 261-248.