What Do Signs Say About English in Multilingual Fashion Advertising? The Case of Souq Al-Sultan in Jordan

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of English Language and Literature, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan

2 Department of English Language and Literature, Tafila Technical University, Jordan

10.22055/rals.2023.44712.3140

Abstract

This article explores visual English on the storefronts of commercial fashion businesses in Souq Al-Sultan in Amman, Jordan. A corpus of 120 signs displaying various types of commercial fashion businesses (i.e., clothing, beauty tools, accessories, bags, and footwear) was obtained. Drawing on a multilayered analysis model which includes the distributional analysis of linguistic landscape (Ben-Rafael et al., 2006), geosemiotics (Scollon & Scollon, 2003), and the degrees of multilingual writings (Reh, 2004), the study analyses and discusses the extensive use of English and the minimal display of Arabic on fashion storefronts. To provide some ethnographic context for the data, 10 interviews were also conducted. Results suggest that English largely serves as the lingua franca of Jordan’s visual fashion discourse, and the overwhelming visibility of English on fashion signs is significantly attributed to economic and global considerations. Other foreign languages, particularly Turkish, French, and Italian, have featured several signs, but to a lesser degree than Arabic, which can be explained for Turkish and European stereotyping.

Keywords


Alipour, M., & Kiaeifar, N. (2015). A comparative study of English and Persian advertising slogans: Linguistic means through the sands of time. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.22055/RALS.2015.11269
Al-Naimat, G., & Saidat, A. (2019). Aesthetic symbolic and communicative functions of English signs in urban spaces of Jordan: Typography, multimodality, and ideological values. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.22055/RALS.2019.14715
Al-Naimat, G. (2015). Brand names in the linguistic landscape of Aqaba, Jordan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.
Alomoush, O. (2022). Linguistic landscaping in medical settings: English as a de facto language in Jordanian medical spaces. English Today, 39(1), 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078421000304
Alomoush, O. (2015). Multilingualism in the linguistic landscape of urban Jordan. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.
Alomoush, O. (2019). English in the linguistic landscape of a northern Jordanian city: Visual monolingual and multilingual practices enacted on shopfronts. English Today, 35(3), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078418000391
Alomoush, O. (2022). Multilingualism in the linguistic landscape of the ancient city of Jerash. Asian Englishes, 25(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2022.2069421
Alomoush, O., & Al-Naimat, G. (2018). English as the lingua franca in visual touristic Jordan: The case of Petra. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.4p.1
Alomoush, O. (2021). Arabinglish in multilingual advertising: Novel creative and innovative Arabic-English mixing practices in the Jordanian linguistic landscape. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(2), 270-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2021.1884687
Alomoush, O., & Al-Naimat, G. (2020). English in the linguistic landscape of Jordanian shopping malls: Sociolinguistic variation and translanguaging. The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(1), 101-115.
Backhaus, P. (2007). Linguistic landscapes: A comparative study of urban multilingualism in Tokyo. UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ben-Rafael, E., et al. (2006). Linguistic landscape as symbolic construction of the public space: The case of Israel. International Journal of Multilingualism, 3(1), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790710608668383
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2009). Language economy and linguistic landscape. In E. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery (pp .55-69). New York and London: Routledge.
Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2006). Linguistic landscape and minority languages. In D. Gorter (Ed.), Linguistic landscape: A new approach to multilingualism (pp. 67-81). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Curtin, M. (2009). Languages on display: Indexical signs, identities and the linguistic landscape of Taipei. In E. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery (pp. 221-237). New York and London: Routledge.
Edelman, L. (2009). What’s in a name? Classification of proper names by language. In E. Shohamy & D. Gorter (Eds.), Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery (pp. 141-154). New York and London: Routledge.
Gorter, D. (2006). Linguistic landscape: A new approach to multilingualism. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Griffin, J. (2002). Global English infiltrates Bulgaria. English Today, 17(4), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078401004060
Haarmann, H. (1989). Symbolic values of foreign language use: From the Japanese case to a general Sociolinguistic Perspective. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Hornikx, J., et al. (2007). An empirical study on readers’ associations with multilingual advertising: The case of French, German, and Spanish in Dutch advertising. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 28 (3), 204-219. https://doi.org/10.2167/jmmd482.0
Huebner, T. (2006). Bangkok’s linguistic landscapes: Environmental print, codemixing and language change. In D. Gorter (Ed.), Linguistic landscape: A new approach to multilingualism (pp. 31-51). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Gazizova, L. G., et al. (2020). Communicative strategy of attracting attention in advertising discourse in Russian and Spanish languages. Journal of Research in Applied Linguistics, 11(Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Applied Linguistics Issues (ALI 2020) June 13-14, 2020, Saint Petersburg, Russia).
Kachru, B. (1992). Teaching world Englishes. In B. Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (pp. 355-365). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Kasanga, L. (2010). Streetwise English and French advertising in multilingual DR Congo: Symbolism, modernity, and cosmopolitan identity. Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2010(206), 181-205. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2010.053
Kelly-Holmes, H. (2005) Advertising as multilingual communication. Palgrave: Macmillan.
Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London: Routledge.
Landry, R., & Bourhis, R. (1997). Linguistic landscape and ethnolinguistic vitality: An empirical study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002
Lawrence, B. (2012). The Korean English linguistic landscape. World Englishes, 31(1), 70-92.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2011.01741.x
Lee, J. (2010). Commodified English in East Asian internet advertising. In H. Kelly-Holmes & G. Mautner (Eds.), Language and the market (pp. 109-120). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
McArthur, T. (2000). Interanto: The global language of signs. English Today, 16(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078400011421
Martin, E. (2007). Frenglish for sale: Multilingual discourses for addressing today’s global consumer.
World Englishes, 26(2), 170-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2007.00500.x
Moriarty, M. (2014). Languages in motion: Multilingualism and mobility in the linguistic landscape. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(5), 457-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006913484208
Piller, I. (2001). Identity constructions in multilingual advertising. Language in Society, 30(2), 153-186. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404501002019
Reh, M. (2004). Multilingual writing: A reader-oriented typology—With examples from Lira Municipality (Uganda). International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 170, 1-41.
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2004.2004.170.1
Robertson, R. (2012). Globalisation or glocalisation? Journal of International Communication, 18(2),191-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2012.709925
Ross, N. (1997). Signs of international English. English Today, 13(2), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078400009597
Saraceni, M. (2010). The relocation of English: Shifting paradigms in a global era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Scollon, R. & Scollon, S. (2003). Discourses in place: Language in the material world. London: Routledge.
Seals, C. (2013). Creating a landscape of dissent in Washington, DC. In C. Helot, M. Barni, R. Janssens, & C. Bagna (Eds.), Linguistic landscapes, multilingualism, and social change (pp. 53-68). Switzerland: Peter Lang.
Selvi, A. F. (2016). English as the language of marketspeak: Reflections from the linguistic landscape of Turkey. English Today, 32(4), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078416000286
Shohamy, E., & Abu Ghazaleh, M. (2012). Linguistic landscape as a tool for interpreting language vitality: Arabic as a minority language in Israel. In D. Gorter, H. Marten, & L. Mensel (Eds.), Minority languages in the linguistic landscape (pp. 89-106). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shohamy, E. (2006). Language policy: Hidden agendas and new approaches. London and New York: Routledge.
Shohamy, E., & Waksman, S. (2009.) Linguistic landscape as an ecological arena: Modalities, meanings, negotiations, education. In D. Gorter & E. Shohamy (Eds.), Linguistic landscape: Expanding the scenery (pp. 313-331). New York: Routledge.
Spolsky, B. & Cooper, R. (1991) The languages of Jerusalem. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Spolsky, B. (2004) Language policy. Cambridge University Press.
Stroud, C., & Mpendukana, S. (2009) Towards a material ethnography of linguistic landscape: Multilingualism, mobility and space in a South African township. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 13(1), 363-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2009.00410.x
Torkington, K. (2009) Exploring the linguistic landscape: The case of ‘Golden Triangle’ in the Algarve, Portugal. Linguistics and Language Teaching, 3, 122-145.
Trumper-Hecht, N. (2010) Linguistic landscape in mixed cities in Israel from the perspective of walkers: The case of Arabic. In E. Shohamy, E. Ben Rafael, & M. Barni (Eds.), Linguistic landscape in the city (pp. 235-251). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Vestergaard, T., & Schrøder, K. (1994). The language of advertising. Oxford/New York: Basil Blackwell.
Weyers, J. (2015). English shop names in the retail landscape of Medellín, Colombia. English Today, 32(2), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078415000607