Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Department of Theory and Practice of Foreign Language Teaching, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
2
Department of Theory and Practice of French, Spanish and Italian, N.A. Dobrolyubov Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistics University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
3
Department of Foreign Languages, Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan, Russia
Abstract
New units, the syntaxeme and syntactic concept, replace the system of sentence parts, which reflects the syntactic structure of the sentence and is a fundamental idea in grammar. Semantics, morphology, and syntax are the three criteria used to identify the syntaxeme, which first appeared in the 1960s. The syntactic criterion separates syntaxemes in the positions of the dependent and predicate features as well as their bearers, while the morphological criterion is connected to the parts of speech, the semantic criterion to the proposition's semantic roles. The syntactic concept, which first appeared in cognitive linguistics at the close of the 20th century, is associated with a type proposition that is fixed by a particular simple sentence structural scheme. A novel method of sentence analysis is made possible by the theory of the syntaxeme and syntactic concepts, which are founded on the cognitive nature of these units. The opposition of one syntaxeme to another in the same syntactic position is demonstrated by the possibility of distinct syntaxemes occupying the same syntactic position. The syntactic position of the subject may therefore contain an agential, experiential, locative, object, instrumental, and address syntaxeme. In the predicate position, there is also an oppositional sequence of syntaxemes, such as actional, statal, existential, etc. Although the concept of a syntaxeme is nonexistent in cognitive linguistics, a syntaxeme is a cognitive unit, much like a syntactic concept. In addition to being the smallest unit in functional syntax, the syntaxeme interacts directly with the syntactic concept. We are able to examine a sentence in its entirety without breaking it down into levels thanks to the units of study.
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